Organic Memory Impairment

Definition

Memory loss (amnesia) is unusual forgetfulness.

Alternative Names

Forgetfulness; Amnesia; Impaired memory; Loss of memory; Mild cognitive impairment

Considerations

The cause determines whether amnesia comes on slowly or suddenly, and whether it is temporary or permanent.

Normal aging may lead to trouble learning new material or requiring a longer time to remember learned material. However, it does not lead to dramatic memory loss unless diseases are involved.

Common Causes

• Aging
• Alcoholism
• Alzheimer's disease
• Brain damage due to disease or injury
• Brain growths (caused by tumors or infection)
• Brain infections such as Lyme disease or syphilis
• Depression or emotional trauma
• Drugs such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines
• Electroconvulsive therapy (especially if it is long-term)
• Encephalitis of any type (herpes, West Nile, Eastern Equine)
• General anesthetics such as halothane, isoflurane, and fentanyl
• Head trauma or injury
• Hysteria, often accompanied by confusion
• Illness that results in the loss of nerve cells (neurodegenerative illness)
• Nutritional problems (vitamin deficiencies such as low vitamin B12)
• Seizures
• Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
• Transient global amnesia
• Temporal lobe brain surgery

Home Care

The family should provide support. Reality orientation is recommended -- supply familiar music, objects, or photos, to help the person stay oriented. Some people may need support to help them relearn.

Any medication schedules should be written down so the person does not have to rely on memory.

Extended care facilities, such as nursing homes, should be considered for people whose basic needs cannot be met in any other way, or whose safety or nutrition is in jeopardy.

Call your health care provider if

Call your health care provider if you have any unexplained memory loss.

Content
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Reviewer Info: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.; ADAM Health Illustrated Encyclopedia, 11/13/2008

This feature is for informational purposes only and should not be used to replace the care and information received from your healthcare provider. Please consult a healthcare professional with any health concerns you may have.